Macaque monkeys and XMRV

Possibly the most significant CFS-related research published last year was done by a group connected with Emory University, Abbot Labs, and the Cleveland Clinic.

Rhesus macaque monkeys were injected with XMRV, and then their blood and organs were tested to track the progression of the infection.

After a few weeks, XMRV was almost totally gone from the blood. But the infection had spread to many of the organs, including the lungs, spleen, liver, lymphatic system, bronchial passages, gut, and the sex organs.

When the monkeys were later injected with a bolus of  foreign peptides (which mimics an acute infection, an immunization, or an acute mold exposure) there was a huge reactivation of infectious XMRV. Stress and certain hormones also appear to be significant reactivators.

This study is quite consistent with my observations of the behavior of my own illness over the past 16 years. It also sheds new light on several recent studies which failed to find XMRV in the blood of patients with XRMV.

I believe this study should provide new impetus and direction for future XMRV and CFS-related research.

• XMRV: Examination of Viral Kinetics, Tissue Tropism, and Serological Markers of Infection - The study abstract.
• XMRV Infection in Primates - Dr. Paul Cheney's detailed discussion of the study.
• Monkey Business - Political cartoons commenting on the study.
• More Monkeys - More politics.

More Evidence: Retroviruses Cause ME/CFS

A study released last week by the NIH, Harvard Medical School, and the FDA (!) found murine leukemia retroviruses (MLV's) similar to XMRV in 68% of people with ME/CFS and 7% without. This validates the Mikovits XMRV study published last fall. More info:

Wall Street Journal article
New York Times article

The study was submitted to the National Acadamy of Sciences by Dr. Harvey Alter, who is apparently a big cheese in research circles, and I believe it's going to be hard for the naysayers to ignore this. I am hopeful that this will lead to some clinical trials of anti-retrovirals on ME/CFS patients soon, and perhaps effective treatments for us someday soon.

Update: A study by Dr. Kenny de Meirleir in Belgium is about to released. This study also found retroviruses in ME/CFS patients.

One Doctor's Success using Anti-Retrovirals - On Herself

Meanwhile, a physician in Santa Fe, Jamie Deckoff-Jones, and her daughter haven't been waiting for the drug companies and the government to get around to funding trials. They've already discovered that HIV drugs can help at least some people with ME/CFS.

Both Dr. Deckoff and her daughter have ME/CFS and both tested positive for XMRV. They have been trying the anti-retroviral drugs that have been found to stop XMRV in vitro (AZT, raltegravir, and tenofovir) and both are hugely improved.

A year ago both Dr. Deckoff and her daughter were able to spend only a few minutes per day out of bed. Last week Dr. Deckoff traveled to Reno for an ME/CFS conference, and her daughter has enrolled in community college.

Details on Dr. Deckoff's blog, here:

May 2010 - details on antiretroviral treatment regime
August 2010 - dramatic improvement!

This, along with the new Alter study, is possibly the most hopeful thing I have read about ME/CFS since the Mikovits XMRV study last fall. However, other XMRV-positive people who have tried the same drugs have not had the same improvement - but they weren't being guided by a physician who has the illness herself. Dr. Deckoff has had to tinker with dosages and has gone on and off some of the drugs over time to find the right combination and progression. It's apparently pretty tricky to deal with this virus.

Dr. Deckoff's blog is full of more information about other treatments for ME/CFS and other possibly related illnesses such as Lyme. Her perspective, as a physician who has ME/CFS herself, is invaluable. She tried Lyme treatments for years herself; her experience and conclusions make me very glad I didn't do antibiotics after I tested positive for Lyme and Bartonella last fall.

Yet Another Name Idea

Will there ever be an appropriate name for this illness? One that's less misleading, less damaging - and less insulting - than the CDC's loathesome propaganda invention?

Dr. Joe Burrascano, well known authority on Lyme disease, will be proposing "HGRV" (Human Gamma Retro Virus) for the name of the virus, and "HGRAD" (Human Gamma Retrovirus Associated Disease) for the name of the illness when he attends the upcoming NIH retroviral conference this September. Read more

Is it in the Blood Supply?

Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and now the UK have banned people with ME/CFS from donating blood. Why hasn't the US done the same? Dr. Louis Katz, "a specialist in infectious diseases and a prominent figure in national blood banking organizations," explains the current situation. Watch his presentation to the CFIDS Association of America.

Coverup?

And finally, here is a documentary - made seventeen years ago! - that shows clearly how radically ME/CFS differs from chronic fatigue, and how the CDC covered this up. I've only managed to watch the first two parts so far, and they made me want to cry.

Cardio and Blood Volume Links

Quick links to research and treatment related to low blood volume and cardiac dysfunction in people with CFS/ME:

Dr. Martin Lerner:

Frequently Asked Questions: Cardiac abnormalities in CFS patients; diagnosis; treatment of EBV, HCMV and HHV6; recent research.

Dr. Lerner on his Long Lerm Antiviral Treatment Study: The effectiveness of long term antiviral therapy on CFS and orthostatic intolerance in 142 patients seen more than 7000 times over six years.

Subset-directed antiviral treatment of 142 herpesvirus patients with chronic fatigue syndrome

David H. P. Streeten, MB, DPhil, FRCP, FACP and David S. Bell, MD, FAAP:
Circulating Blood Volume in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Dr. Jacob Teitelbaum:
Treating Low Blood Volume and Decreased Heart Function in CFS

Note that the above papers and articles are just the tip of the iceberg; there is a great deal of information available on studies and other evidence supporting the connection between CFS, low blood volume, and cardiomyopathy.

Dr. Judy Mikovits, lead researcher in the recent study linking CFS/ME with the XMRV retrovirus, believes that XMRV impairs the immune system in such a way that other pathogens, such as EBV, HCMV, and HHV6, can thrive.

Until this enabling relationship is proven and effective treatments for XMRV are found, Dr. Lerner's antiviral treatment makes a great deal of sense, especially given his well-documented success.

Update: Read this newsletter from  Dr. David Bell, who treated CFS patients for over 25 years. Dr. Bell has some interesting insights into the XMRV research to date as well as the political context surrounding CFS-related research.

Dr. Bell also lists a number of readily available lab tests which he believes can be used to detect and/or confirm the presence of CFS in patients, including echocardiogram with cardiac output while standing and IVRT interrogation with oxygen.

Quick link to this page: http://tinyurl.com/cfs-cardio

Cause of Death

CFS patients who died of cancer, heart failure, or suicide had much shorter lifespans than the general population, according to a 2004 study:

Average age of cancer deaths:

• ME/CFS – 47.8 years
• Avg population – 72.0 years
• Difference – 24.2 years

Average age of heart failure deaths:

• ME/CFS – 58.7 years
• Avg population – 83.1 years
• Difference – 24.4 years

Average age of suicide deaths:

• ME/CFS – 39.5 years
• Avg population – 48.0 years
• Difference – 8.5 years

The dramatic results of this preliminary study begs the question: why hasn't more research been done in this area?

Imagine the impact on the potential funding for research into ME/CFIDS/XMRV if a more comprehensive study produced the same results - and got the kind of coverage in the media that the WPI XMRV study did.

More information:

• Causes of Death Among Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Jason et al - The original study. Also here. See also Dr. Jason's web site.
• Causes of Death among Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - A Dig Deep News blog post. Summary and links.
• Cause of Death among Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - Phoenix Rising forum thread.

Horror Statistics from the US Government

Government statistics show an appalling neglect of ME/CFIDS research which is costing the US economy billions. From the CDC and NIH web sites:

• Number of people in the US with HIV or AIDS, diagnosed or undiagnosed: 1.1 million
• Number of new Lyme cases reported in the US between 1990 and 2008: 328,128
• Number of people in the US with CFS: 1+ million (tens of millions more have "similar fatiguing illnesses" but don't meet the CDC's strict "research" criteria)

• NIH money to be spent on HIV/AIDS research in 2010: $3 billion
• NIH money to be spent on Lyme disease research in 2010: $23 million
• NIH money to be spent on CFS research in 2010: $3 million (yes, you read that right. One thousand times less than HIV/AIDS!)

• Number of categories getting more research money than CFS: 209
• Number of categories getting less research money than CFS: 2

And yet...

Dr. Nancy Klimas told the New York Times:

My H.I.V. patients for the most part are hale and hearty thanks to three decades of intense and excellent research and billions of dollars invested. Many of my C.F.S. patients, on the other hand, are terribly ill and unable to work or participate in the care of their families.

I split my clinical time between the two illnesses, and I can tell you if I had to choose between the two illnesses (in 2009) I would rather have H.I.V. [emphasis added]

I don't mean to pick on HIV/AIDS and Lyme disease. (I was recently diagnosed with Lyme disease myself.) For perspective, here are some other examples of NIH funding categories for 2010:

• hay fever, $6 million
  
• Tourette Syndrome, $9 million
  
• Carcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, $13 million
  
• homelessness, $13 million
  
• methamphetamine, $70 million
  
• Small Pox, $98 million
  
• violence research, $191 million
• influenza, $212 million
• health effects of climate change, $300 million
• nanotechnology, $326 million
• tobacco, $326 million
• depression, $418 million
• obesity, $687 million
• networking and information technology R&D, $950 million
• drug abuse, $1 billion
• substance abuse, $1.8 billion
• health disparities, $2.7 billion
• bioengineering, $2.9 billion
• biotechnology, $5.5 billion
  

What's wrong with this picture?

Maybe the CDC's Dr. William Reeves can clarify things for us. Speaking about the recent discovery of the connection between ME/CFIDS and the XMRV retrovirus, he told the New York Times:

"If I don’t know the nature of the cases and controls, I can’t interpret the findings," Dr. Reeves said. "We and others are looking at our own specimens and trying to confirm it,” he said, adding, “If we validate it, great. My expectation is that we will not." [emphasis added]

How's that for scientific objectivity?

Hillary Johnson, author of the book Osler's Web, is very familiar with the CDC's approach to "CFS." Here's a sample of what she thinks of Dr. Reeves' opinions:

Let’s start with Reeves’ comment: "Until the work is independently verified, the report represents a single pilot study."

Blood samples from one-hundred plus patients? Over 200 healthy controls? The phylogenetic tree established? The results confirmed in THREE labs—the Cleveland Clinic, the National Cancer Institute, the WPI? Lab contaminants ruled out using three different tests? That's a pilot study?

About the XMRV researchers and Bill Reeves' "surprise" that such a prestigious journal as Science would publish their study, Hillary adds:

These collaborators didn’t just arrive on the scene last month from Mars; they knew going into this work what the CDC did to Elaine DeFreitas and her retrovirus finding in 1991. They understood the politics. They were aware of the agency’s multi-million dollar propaganda war on a million very sick people. They were prepared. They CDC-proofed this study. The rigor in the Mikovits-Ruscetti-Silverman paper was such that Science had to take the paper.

The privately funded Whittemore Peterson Institute, which led the XMRV study, says this:

Is the government doing enough for ME/CFS?

NO. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimates from 1-4 million people in the U.S. have chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and that approximately 80% of chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) cases in the U.S. are undiagnosed. The average annual costs per family, including financial losses due to unemployment, are about $25,000 a year. Overall chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is believed to cost the US economy at least $25 billion dollars a year [emphasis added] and perhaps much more. CDC studies indicate that chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) patients as a group have disability rates similar to people with multiple sclerosis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, heart disease and other serious diseases. Despite its prevalence, severity and high economic costs [emphasis added] chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) ranks near the bottom in funding of the over 200 diseases and conditions which the NIH funds.

Twenty-five billion dollars every year?

So what can we do about the US Government's monstrous and malicious neglect of the millions of people stricken with this disease, and their families - and cavalier disregard for those of us who foot the multi-billion dollar bill for the loss of productivity of the people disabled by this disease and the ineffective medical care available to them?

Wake up, Americans. Even if you don't have ME/CFIDS, even if you don't know anyone who has it, the official policies of the NIH and the CDC - their refusal to support serious efforts to understand and eradicate this disease - is having an impact on you right now. This disease is costing you money!

Comments welcome.

Update: In her blog, Life as we know it, Karen Campbell of CFS Facts has posted a different perspective on some of these numbers in NIH Research Statistics Show Fundamental Inequality. Karen lists a "research dollars per patient" for people suffering from various diseases, including ME/CFIDS. See also her blog "Letter Writing Time!" and this forum post.

Thanks to Hillary Johnson and her blog post about the NIH's nifty new search engine, without which I wouldn't have discovered these horrifying statistics.

Thanks to Peggy Munson and her blog post Fly Away to XAND-ado, or Where Is Elaine DeFreitas? for inspiration and background material for this post.

Naming the Disease

What's in a name? In this case, a whole lot of pain.

The disease in question has had many names over the years, from the insulting "yuppie flu" to the much more accurately descriptive "chronic mono" or "chronic Epstein-Barr Virus" or "post-viral syndrome."

The term "Myalgic Encephalomyelitis," or M.E., was in widespread use throughout the world until the US agency the CDC decided to promote the spread of disinformation and misunderstanding - and discredit both victims and researchers - with the appallingly misleading name, "chronic fatigue syndrome," or CFS.

Desperate victims dreamed up the acronym CFIDS, for "Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome," to try to add some actual useful description to the CDC's loathsome misnomer, but that term never really caught on among either the general public or medical and health care professionals, who for the most part to this day persist in referring to this devastating disease as "chronic fatigue."

More recently, people suffering from the disease have begun to use a combination of acronyms, such as ME/CFIDS or CFS/ME/FM (for the related illness Fibromyalgia), but I feel this really only makes ourselves feel a little better; nobody else seems to get it. Many other names have also been used, but tragically the "chronic fatigue" misnomer is the one that stuck.

Now Hillary Johnson says:

The real scientists have arrived and they'll be studying XMRV-associated neuro-immune disease, a.k.a., XAND.

The name ["chronic fatigue syndrome"] ginned up [by the CDC] in Atlanta in 1988 to make sure disability insurers would not be required to pay out on disability policies and the public would assume the malady was a new category of mental illness? One can imagine, or simply hope, that the phrase is about to be jettisoned into outer space where one can fantasize it entering the band of space trash circling the earth. For months, the team at WPI has been playing around with names. In lighter moments, their favorite became “I.T.V.S.,” the acronym for, “It’s the Virus, Stupid.”

So should I rename this blog "XAND Watch" or "ITVS Campaign"? Or maybe "XMRV Hunter"? How about just "Antidote for Stupid"?

Let's hope somebody comes up with a more catchy - and compelling - name soon.

XMRV retrovirus linked to ME/CFIDS

A new study links the XMRV retrovirus to "CFS." Could this be the cause?

A comprehensive study by a consortium including the Whittemore Peterson Institute, the NIH's National Cancer Institute, and The Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation was announced today. This study demonstrates a strong association between a mouse leukemia virus, XMRV, and "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome," better known as ME/CFIDS.

Since the NIH is involved (through their cancer research arm), a lot of people who normally dismiss the illness as a somatisation disorder (i.e. just another hysterical psychological trip) are taking the findings seriously.

Even CFS arch-villian William Reeves, the enemy of everyone who suffers from this illness, claims he's already got his little elves at the CDC working on replicating the study. Of course, based on past history, more likely they are industriously trying to not replicate it.

Update: Read these commentaries on this landmark announcement:

• Peggy's Blog - Powerful and moving essay by Peggy Munson about ME/XMRV, her personal experiences with the disease, and a broad look at the big picture. A must read if you or someone you care about has been diagnosed with ME, "CFIDS," "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome," Fibromyalgia, or MCS.
  
• Blog: Osler's Web - Hillary Johnson's triumphant declaration of victory over the dark forces in the US government's "health" agencies, the CDC and NIH, whose criminal actions prolonged the suffering of millions of victims of this terrible disease and resulted in countless unnecessary deaths.

News articles about the announcement:

• The Independent: Has Science Found the Cause of ME? - "...the senior author of the study, Judy Mikovits ... said further blood tests have revealed that more than 95 per cent of patients with the syndrome have antibodies to the virus – indicating they have been infected with XMRV... 'With those numbers, I would say, yes we've found the cause of chronic fatigue syndrome.'"
• Dance with Shadows: XMRV Virus Linked to Chronic Fatigue, Says Study - "'Just like you cannot have AIDS without HIV, I believe you won’t be able to find a case of chronic-fatigue syndrome without XMRV,' ... Dr Mikovits said."
• Nature Magazine: Virus Linked to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - "'I can't wait to be able to tell my patients,' says Mikovits... 'It's going to knock their socks off. They've had such a stigma. People have just assumed they were just complainers who didn't handle stress well.'" Nature Magazine rarely reports on CFIDS, so this study must have really impressed them.
• Reuters: Study Isolates Virus in Chronic Fatigue Sufferers - "'You can imagine a number of combination therapies that could be quite effective and could at least be used in clinical trials right away,' Mikovits said in a telephone interview."
• NY Times: Virus Is Found in Many With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - "'I think this establishes what had always been considered a psychiatric disease as an infectious disease,' said Dr. Mikovits. ... [She] said she and her colleagues were drawing up plans to test antiretroviral drugs — some of the same ones used to treat HIV infection — to see whether they could help patients with chronic fatigue."
• Suite 101.com: New XMRV Study Not the First to Find a Retroviral Link - "The study group of Elaine DeFreitas reported a link between CFS/ME and retroviruses back in 1991." and "Immunovirologist Michael Holmes described retroviral activity in cells of CFS/ME patients as early as 1986." Hillary Johnson documents the CDC's vicious attack on DeFrietas, which eventually forced her to leave the field.
  

Peggy Munson notes: Please ignore the news idiots who use the term "chronic fatigue" instead of ME/CFIDS. Idiopathic chronic fatigue affects some 25 percent of the population and does not resemble ME/CFIDS at all. Hopefully the new research will help the media understand that that is like calling AIDS "chronic weight loss." The preferred term for patients is still ME, or myalgic encephalomyelitis.

Sadly, it's not just the news idiots. I've seen dozens of health care providers - from MD's to naturopaths to acupuncturists to energy healers - in the fifteen years since I was diagnosed with "CFS," and I can't think of a single one that didn't use the term "chronic fatigue" when referring to my disease.

Peggy's Blog has links to many more articles.

Official information:

• Press Release: Consortium of Researchers Discover Retroviral Link to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - The official press release in PDF form.
• Research Shows a Potential Retroviral Link Between XMRV and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - The Cleveland Clinic's official press release.
• Consortium of Researchers Discover Retroviral Link to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - The National Cancer Institute's official announcement includes the electron micrograph of the XMRV retrovirus which is displayed at the top of this post.
  
• Science Magazine: Detection of an Infectious Retrovirus, XMRV, in Blood Cells of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - Abstract from the study.
• The Whittemore Peterson Institute - The official site of the research facility that led the study.
• The Cleveland Clinic's Lerner Research Institute - Another research facility which participated in the study.
  

To put this announcement in perspective, please read Hillary Johnson's speech "The Why" and then ponder on how much sooner this discovery might have been made - and the waste of innumerable years and countless lives avoided - had the people at the US Government's official agency responsible for investigating this disease actually done their jobs instead of undermining research and aggressively attempting to discredit the victims of the illness and people who believed them.

You might also want to review the discussion of Dr. Lerner's research into viral treatments of this illness in the July 21 entry of this blog.